How To Create Your Own Solar?
Solar energy is the radiant energy emitted from the sun that can be converted into thermal or electrical energy (National Geographic Education). The sun produces energy through a process called nuclear fusion, where hydrogen atoms fuse together under intense heat and pressure to form helium. This fusion process releases enormous amounts of energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation, mostly in the ultraviolet and visible light spectrum (Encyclopedia Britannica).
Some key benefits of generating your own solar power include: reducing electricity bills, energy independence, reliability during power outages, reduced environmental impact, and possible financial incentives or tax credits (Solar Energy Industries Association). With the right conditions and system, solar panels can produce clean, renewable electricity from sunlight to power homes or businesses.
Assess Your Energy Needs
The first step in creating your own solar power system is to calculate your average electricity usage. This will help determine the appropriate size solar system you need. Start by taking inventory of all electric appliances and devices in your home. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, you can estimate usage time by either tracking actual usage over a week or making rough estimates per day [1]. Calculate the wattage of each appliance and multiply by estimated daily use hours. Add up the kilowatt-hours (kWh) per day for all appliances to determine your total daily electricity consumption [2]. Repeat this calculation for each season to account for variations in energy use. Knowing your average daily kWh usage will help determine what size solar photovoltaic system you need.
Evaluate Your Roof
Before installing solar panels, it’s important to evaluate your roof’s size, orientation, shading, and condition to determine if it is suitable for a solar energy system. Most residential solar panels are approximately 3×5 feet in size, so each panel will take up around 15-20 square feet on your roof. According to Hollister Roofing, the ideal roof for solar panels should be 30-40 degrees and slanted rather than flat.
When considering orientation, south-facing roofs are usually best for maximizing solar production in the northern hemisphere. However, east or west-facing roofs can also work well. You’ll want to avoid excessive shading from trees or other buildings as much as possible, as this can significantly reduce solar panel output. Ensure any overhanging branches or obstructions are pruned or removed. Check for signs of wear, damage, or leaks, as your roof must be in good condition to support the additional weight of solar panels for 20-25 years.
Check Local Regulations
Before installing a solar system, it’s important to research the permits, zoning laws, codes, incentives, and utility requirements for your specific area. Rules and regulations for solar vary significantly between states, counties, and cities (Solar Access Laws by State). While solar power is legal nationwide, some local ordinances restrict installations or impose additional red tape. Consult your city planning department and local utility to learn about solar codes, permitting, grid connection policies, and other regulations in your jurisdiction.
Many states, cities, and utilities offer financial incentives to support renewable energy, such as tax credits, rebates, and net metering programs that can help offset the cost of a solar installation (State-By-State Map). Research available solar incentives and calculate payback timelines specific to your area. Local governments play a pivotal role in solar deployment and it pays to understand the regulatory environment before undertaking a solar project (Local Government Guide for Solar Deployment).
Choose a Solar Panel System
When choosing a solar panel system, it’s important to compare the different solar panel types available. The main types of solar panels are monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin film. According to research from Energysage, monocrystalline panels are the most efficient, with average efficiencies around 20%, compared to 16-17% for polycrystalline and 11-15% for thin film (https://www.energysage.com/solar-panels/).
You’ll also want to consider the warranties offered. Most solar panels come with 25 year power output warranties, but some offer longer warranties up to 30 years. The product warranty length, which covers defects and workmanship, also varies. Aim for at least a 10 year product warranty (https://www.thisoldhouse.com/solar-alternative-energy/reviews/most-efficient-solar-panels).
In terms of sizing, standard residential solar panels are generally 60, 72, or 96 cell. The number of cells impacts the panel efficiency and dimensions. Compare the power output per panel and dimensions to find the optimal size for your roof.
Finally, carefully calculate costs based on system size, panel efficiency and warranties. Higher efficiency panels often cost more upfront but can pay off long-term. Thin film panels tend to be the most affordable option.
Select an Installer
When selecting a solar installer, it is important to get multiple quotes and thoroughly research potential installers. Be sure to check reviews, licensing, certifications, insurance, and experience when evaluating installers. Here are some tips for choosing a reputable local solar installer:
Get quotes from at least 3 local installers. Compare bid prices, projected savings, equipment brands, warranties, and services offered. Ask questions about their experience, licensing, and credentials.
Check online reviews on sites like Google, Yelp, and the Better Business Bureau. Look for any complaints about poor workmanship, hidden fees, or bad customer service. Favor installers with consistently positive reviews.
Verify licensing and insurance. Installers should have a valid contractor’s license for your state and carry liability insurance. Ask to see proof.
Look for certified installers who have received training from reputable institutions like the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP). This helps ensure proper expertise.
Ask about the brands and warranties of the equipment they use. Higher tier brands like SunPower generally offer better performance and reliability.
Prioritize local installers with long track records in your area. They will be more familiar with local regulations and conditions.
Get references from past customers and ask about their quality of work and customer service.
Avoid door-to-door salesmen or high pressure sales tactics. Take your time and do thorough research.
Selecting the right solar installer for you is crucial. Invest time upfront to find an experienced and reputable professional you can trust.
Finalize System Design
Work closely with your installer to finalize the details of the system design and installation plan. Optimizing the system design is crucial to maximize solar energy production. Consider the following factors:
Panel tilt and orientation – Determine the optimal angle and direction for panels to maximize sun exposure. For fixed mounts, tilt them at your latitude and face south (in the northern hemisphere) or north (in the southern hemisphere).
Panel spacing – Allow sufficient space between panels to prevent shading and allow air flow for cooling the panels. Typical spacing is 1.5-3 feet between portrait orientation panels.
Inverter size and type – Choose an appropriately sized inverter to handle your system’s energy output. Microinverters on each panel or a central string inverter are common options.
Wiring plan – Map out wiring runs, combiner boxes, disconnects, and connections to your electrical panel and utility meter.
Roofing details – Coordinate roof penetrations, flashing, mounts, and attachments to preserve weather-tightness and avoid leaks.
Monitoring technology – Select monitoring software to track system performance and detect issues. Many systems integrate with smartphone apps.
Discuss any desired customizations with your installer, such as adding battery storage for backup power or tying into electric vehicle charging. Finalizing these details in the system design will ensure your solar installation meets your specific energy needs and expectations.
Finance Your System
Financing your solar panel system is an important step in the installation process. There are several options to explore to cover the upfront costs of purchasing and installing solar panels.
One option is to take out a personal loan from a bank or credit union. Personal loans allow you to borrow money at a fixed interest rate and pay it back over time, usually 5-10 years. According to NerdWallet, interest rates on solar loans range from about 3% to 18%.
Another financing option is a home equity loan or home equity line of credit (HELOC). These allow you to borrow against the equity in your home. Interest rates are generally lower than personal loans. Just keep in mind that if you default, the lender can foreclose on your home, according to Bankrate.
You may also want to look into rebates, tax credits, and other incentives offered in your state and utility service area. These can offset 30% or more of your total solar panel system costs. The federal solar tax credit currently offers a 26% credit for systems installed in 2022-2023.
Evaluating multiple financing options will allow you to find the best rates and terms to make solar affordable for your budget and situation.
Install the System
Once you have selected an installer and finalized the system design, it will be time to schedule the actual installation. Your installer will coordinate a crew to come to your home on the scheduled installation dates. The installation typically takes place over the course of a few days.
The first day is usually focused on the physical mounting and wiring of the solar panels on your roof. The installation crew will take safety precautions and may setup scaffolding or use harnesses for roof access. They will mount the panels according to the engineering plans, securing them and wiring them together.
Next, they will run conduit and wiring from the roof panels down to the inverters and electrical panel location. This involves some drilling and wiring work inside your home. Once everything is wired up, the system can be tested and inspected.
You will want to schedule inspections with your city permitting office so that a local inspector can verify that the solar installation meets all code requirements. Your installer will assist with this process. Only after the system passes inspection can it be officially activated and turned on.
The final step is for your installer to provide you training on how to operate and maintain the system. You’ll also receive manuals and warranties for all of the equipment. With that, your solar installation is complete and ready to start producing clean energy!
Maintain and Troubleshoot Your System
After your solar panel system is up and running, some occasional maintenance is required to keep it performing efficiently for years to come. Here are some best practices for solar panel maintenance:
Keep your panels clean. Dust, dirt, bird droppings, pollen, and other debris can accumulate on your solar panels over time, reducing their productivity. It’s recommended to clean solar panels at least 2-4 times per year using water, mild dish soap, and a soft brush or sponge. Be very gentle when cleaning to avoid scratching the panel surfaces (Solar Reviews).
Monitor system performance and address any maintenance issues over time. Keep an eye on your system’s energy production through monitoring software and watch for any decreases in output. Check electrical connections, wiring, and components for damage. Tighten and repair as needed. If you notice a panel not producing energy, contact your installer for troubleshooting.
Trim any overhanging tree branches. Vegetation growth can eventually shade your solar array, reducing energy production. Prune back encroaching tree limbs when necessary.
Inspect roof attachments. Make sure mounting equipment and racking are still securely attached to your roof so your system stays safe in high winds and storms.
